Determination of the Proteins Involved in Influenza A Virus Infection Mechanism
K. Raj vardhan*, Department of microbiology, Andhra Loyola college, India, Email: tejasurya.g888@gmail.com
Received: 27-Mar-2021 Accepted Date: Apr 11, 2021 ; Published: 20-Apr-2021
Citation: Surya teja G, Raj vardhan K (201) Determination of the Proteins Involved in Influenza A Virus Infection Mechanism. EJBI. 17(4): 20
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Introduction
Rabies is a notifiable pathogen. It belongs to order Influenza A virus (IAV) belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae and it is the only species occurring in the genus Alphainfluenzavirus . The IAV genome was ss negative sense RNA and it is the most diverse and epidemically effective pathogen which causes severe respiratory disease in humans and various zoonotic infections in birds. Influenza viruses circulating in human populations infect millions of people annually which causes highly expensive health consequences. In the 20th century, many influenza pandemics occurred in 1918, 1957, and 1968 which merely destroyed most of the human population.
There are two common mechanisms involved to acquire high pathogenicity in humans. The first mechanism involves the acquisition of adaptive mutations and genetic assortment and the other virulence mechanism was multiple viral accessory proteins which are encoded on a single gene segment. The IAV genome was comprised of eight negative-sense RNA segments where each segment encodes with trimeric viral polymerases (PB1, PB2, and PA) and nucleoproteins (NP) to form viral ribonucleoprotein.
This is a pathogenic agent of an acute respiratory tract infection suffered by 5-20% of the world population. Although this virus is sporadic it can cause because of its strong capability to transmit from one person to another person easily. The natural habitat of the influenza A virus is wild water flow and domestic poultry. There are various methods for treating the influenza A virus, M2 ion inhibitors, and neuraminidase inhibitors are the two major antiinfluenza infection medicines.
Although the modern generation treatment concentrates on vaccination and usage of drugs, both treatments have some limitations because the IAV viral strains have a high mutating ability and generate resistivity against antiviral agents. Here the vaccines also required a considerable amount of time to develop to match against viral strains.
The viral life cycle was mainly dependent on conquering the host cell’s biological processes to facilitate its growth. IAV requires a suitable recognition site for its replication in mammalian cells. Influenza infection activates various immune responses like cytokine induction and apoptosis. Thus various experimental studies were conducted on IAV strains to classify their hidden capabilities. Basing on the study of virus-host protein interactions, scientists could figure out essential factors affecting viral infections, and those factors were targeted for drug therapies. The current aim of this study is to construct a protein interaction network of IAV with humans (host) to identify the proteins involved in the viral infection mechanism.
The collection of data was done using the String virus database (string-db.org), this database was a pre-computerized database that gives a better understanding of protein-protein interactions of viruses and hosts. This database especially codes for virus-virus and virus-host interactions and shows results based on experimental and text mining channels to provide combined probabilities of interactions of virus and host proteins.